Labor-intensive Carolingian, though legible, was unable to effectively keep up. These books needed to be produced quickly to keep up with demand.

Modern interpretation of blackletter script in the form of the font 'Old English' which includes several anachronistic glyphs, such as Arabic numerals, ampersand (instead of Tironian et) and several punctuation marks, but lacks letter alternatives like long ⟨s⟩ and ⟨r⟩ rotunda, scribal abbreviations and ligatures, and contains several relatively modern versions of letters such as ⟨x⟩, which is confusable with the letter ⟨r⟩. Along with Italic type and Roman type, blackletter served as one of the major typefaces in the history of Western typography. Blackletter is sometimes referred to as Old English, but it is not to be confused with the Old English language (or Anglo-Saxon), which predates blackletter by many centuries and was written in the insular script or in Futhorc. Fraktur is a notable script of this type, and sometimes the entire group of blackletter faces is incorrectly referred to as Fraktur. It continued to be commonly used for the Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish languages until the 1870s, and for the German language until the 1940s, when Hitler's distaste for the supposedly 'Jewish-influenced' script saw it officially discontinued in 1941. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.īlackletter (sometimes black letter), also known as Gothic script, Gothic minuscule, or Textura, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 until the 17th century. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). 1D504– 1D537, with some exceptions (see below)

Gangster old english letters font