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This task manipulation created large differences in eye movements when compared to participants freely viewing the clip for comprehension.

To amplify top-down effects on eye movements, a task manipulation was designed to prioritize peripheral scene features: a map task. Overall, the manipulation created large differences in comprehension, but only produced modest differences in eye movements.

To investigate the effects of comprehension on eye movements during film viewing, we manipulated viewers’ comprehension by starting participants at different points in a film, and then tracked their eyes. Comprehension differences were compared with more volitionally controlled task-based effects on eye movements. Thus, in two experiments we tested whether the eye movements and comprehension relationship similarly held in a classic film example, the famous opening scene of Orson Welles’ Touch of Evil (Welles & Zugsmith, Touch of Evil, 1958). Reading research has shown a strong connection between eye movements and comprehension, and scene perception studies have shown strong effects of viewing tasks on eye movements, but such idiosyncratic top-down control of gaze in film would be anathema to the universal control mainstream filmmakers typically aim for. In fact, many film theorists and practitioners disagree on whether the film stimulus (bottom-up) or the viewer (top-down) is more important in determining how we watch movies.

Film is ubiquitous, but the processes that guide viewers’ attention while viewing film narratives are poorly understood.

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